![]() In a large survey, 11% of individuals in a TGA state were described as exhibiting "emotionalism" and 14% "fear of dying". Although confusion is sometimes reported, others consider this an imprecise observation, but an elevated emotional state (compared to patients experiencing Transient Ischemic Attack, or TIA) is common. The individual experiencing TGA retains social skills and older significant memories, almost always including knowing his or her own identity and the identity of family members, and the ability to perform various complex learned tasks including driving and other learned behavior one individual "was able to continue putting together the alternator of his car." Though outwardly appearing normal, a person in TGA is disoriented in time and space, perhaps knowing neither the year nor where he or she resides. One of its bizarre features is perseverance, in which the victim of an attack faithfully and methodically repeats statements or questions, complete with profoundly identical intonation and gestures "as if a fragment of a sound track is being repeatedly rerun." This is found in almost all TGA attacks and is sometimes considered a defining characteristic of the condition. A person experiencing TGA typically has memory only of the past few minutes or less, and cannot retain new information beyond that period of time. This onset of TGA is generally fairly rapid, and its duration varies but generally lasts between 2 to 8 hours. There were no features of epilepsy, or active epilepsy in the past two years, and the patient did not have any recent head injury. ![]() There were no focal neurological signs or deficits during or after the attack.There was an absence of clouding of consciousness or other cognitive impairment other than amnesia.The attack was witnessed by a capable observer and reported as being a definite loss of recent memory ( anterograde amnesia).The diagnostic criteria for TGA, as defined for purposes of clinical research, include: The degree of amnesia is profound, and, in the interval during which the individual is aware of his or her condition, is often accompanied by anxiety. The individual simply cannot recall anything that happened outside the last few minutes, while memory for more temporally distant events may or may not be largely intact. A person having an attack of TGA has almost no capacity to establish new memories, but generally appears otherwise mentally alert and lucid, possessing full knowledge of self-identity and identity of close family, and maintaining intact perceptual skills and a wide repertoire of complex learned behavior.
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